Showing posts with label grammar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label grammar. Show all posts

Tuesday, 29 March 2022

Is Classical Greek really so "Irregular"

 IS CLASSICAL GREEK 

Really So IRregular ?

#classicalgreek #greek #irregular 

So a few times a year I like to review basic Greek and I did a Google search to see what people thought was the most difficult aspect of learning Classical Greek and after understanding the Alphabet the other problem that came up several times was "IRREGULAR" forms?


Yes Greek has more suffixes and morphs than English. 

Yes you have to learn Moods and Cases and Conjugations and Genitive and Declensions

 but think for a moment!

Is Greek really that much worse than English?

Greek has less homophones. 

Even so called irregular verbs follow common patterns.

You say the verb to be?

Look again at English. Modern English forms of the verb TO BE  fuses two different Old English Germanic verbs wesan and beon and then goes and uses other verbs that once had different meanings like should and would and could  to express conditionals and a change of spoken tone can make a statement like "you should be reading" into an Imperative an Exhortation or a Question?

So the Greek Subjunctive Mood is that much worse? 

Is it such a terrible thing that phrases like the The Good Book and the Good Woman use two different forms of THE and have case endings? 



Tuesday, 22 November 2016

A note on LAMBANO

#LAMBANO

Lambano is one of those #CLASSICALGREEK verbs whose variety of forms confuses some students. Yes it seems odd at first that a *LAB stem  with a SHORT vowel changes to LEEB however other verbs do this too!

If you have access to a copy check section 611 in Goodwins Greek Grammar.

Lambano is not the only Greek Verb that does this!


As for the stem changes B > Ph is quite logical if you remember Greek has aspirate P not and  NO V and an ingrained avoidance of triple consonant clusters so its Lambano becomes LEEpsomai leep-so-mai or lee-pso-mai.

Don't think of it as irregular but quite regular if you understand the patterns of Greek phonology.
Aspirated consonants NOT fricatives and consonants plus a S for future.

So Lambano Future leepsomai Aorist elabon Perfect eileepha


Saturday, 27 August 2016

REVISION REMINDER LIST FOR GREEK GRAMMAR

#classicalgreek #greekgrammar #revision okay chapter 20 of matthew doesn't seem to have any ambiguities or unusual words open to multiple readings that regard special notes or discussion so I'm skipping most of it and doing a revision / reminder list.

SOME THINGS YOU NEED TO KEEP IN MIND
WHEN LEARNING OR READING GREEK
biblical classical new testament

ASPECT AND TENSE are BOTH Important.
 Yes think about that difference a lot!

Aorist is NOT just Past! Likewise the rarer Perfect and Pluperfect!

VERBS VERBS VERBS

Moods Tense Aspect Voice

Understand what each of those words mean in relation to Greek Grammar

The SUBJUNCTIVE is your Ally NOT your Enemy!
Yes its a pain learning the differences between Aorist and Present Subjunctive and Imperatives and Exhortations and Secondary clauses etc
but learn remember Grammar and Syntax are Tools!

CASE and Prepositions work together.

Just be happy you don't have to deal with the Ablative as well!

Learn how use of the Genitive or Accusative or Dative changes meaning.

Finally

Learn some Basic Linguistics.

Studying examples of Phonology and Morphology in other languages and historical changes and their laws and patterns will be it easier to get comfortable with IRREGULAR VERBS and other seeming oddities. TRULY !

Saturday, 23 November 2013

Matthew 5 verse 4 COMFORT and ew verbs

Matthew Chapter 5 Verse 4

μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες, ὅτι αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται

blessed those who are mourning for they will be comforted

noteworthy features

both verbs are εω verbs whose stems end in an e so they follow this contraction pattern ε + ω = ω ε + ει(ς) =εῖ(ς) ε + ο = οῦ etc.

πενθέω lament mourn grief here in 3rd person plural participle form

παρακληθήσονται is the future passive 3rd person plural of παρακαλέω
the same verb from which paraklete and para kleetos derive

summon call to help encourage exhort


however receiving help from the divine does not excuse us from our human obligations to try and help others so  remember what is written in James about faith and works.

Friday, 1 March 2013

Imperfect Tense 5


Imperfect Tense Five

The – μι verbs follow a pattern of Vowel + ν, V + ς, V, V + μεν, V + τε, V + σαν

ἵστημι ἵστην ἵστης ἵστη ἵσταμεν ἵστατε ἵστασαν

τίθημι ἐτίθην ἐτίθεις ἐτίθει ἐτίθεμεν ἐτίθετε ἐτίθεσαν

δίδωμι ἐδίδουν ἐδίδους ἐδίδου ἐδίδομεν ἐδίδοτε ἐδίδοσαν

Friday, 30 November 2012

The Greeks Invented Grammar

The Greeks Invented Grammar!

Grammar itself is a Greek word. Well derived from Greek Grammata.

Seriously though many common grammar and linguistics terms derive from Greek or are translations into Latin from Greek that were then translation into English.

Here's some words used to describe and analyse language that come from Greek.

Syntax Morph Lexicon Periphrasis Theory

Paradigm Synonym Philology  Dialect Phonetics

Logic  Semantics Analysis Etymology Topic

Monday, 19 November 2012

Welcome to the third declension


Welcome to the Third Declension!

There are many nouns of masculine feminine and neuter gender that have this pattern.

Nominative a contracted form in the singular
A Plural – as ending

Accusative stem + α Plural – ας

Genitive + ος Plural ων

Dative + ι Plural σι(ν)

Nouns that end in – μα like Charisma Drama Dogma and Gramma are declined as

γραμμα γραμματα γραμματος γραμματων γραμματι γραμμασι

More Third Declension Examples soon.

Friday, 17 August 2012

Some numi verbs


SOME – νυμι Verbs

Note One Some books print - νυμι verbs without the macron over the upsilon ῡ

Note Two many of these verbs are only used combiend with prefixes.

Note Three
δείκνῡμι

is used for text book paradigms


δαίνῡμι entertain dine stem δαι dai

ἕννῡμι cloth robe stem wes like latin ves-tis

ζώννῡμι gird belt ζω sdoo

ζεύγνῡμι bind yoke join stem ζυγ

κεράννῡμι mix usually liquids stem κερα κρα kera kra

κορέννῡμι satiate satisfy stem κορε kore

κρεμάννῡμι suspend hang stem κρεμα krema

μΐγνῡμι mix mingle stem μιγ mig

οἴγνῡμι open stem oig

ὄλλῡμι stem ol is contracted from olnumi

ὄμνῡμι swear an oath stem ομο or μο om(o)

ὄρνῡμι raise rouse stem ορ or

πήγνῡμι fix stem παγ

πετάννῡμι expand spread stem πετα peta

ῥήγνῡμι break stem ῥαγ rag wrag

ῥώννῡμι strengthen stem ῥω ro

σβέννῡμι extinguish put out smother stem σβε sbe

σκεδάννῡμι scatter stem σκεδα

χρήγνῡμι color


If you missed it scroll back to read my post on δείκνῡμι.

Monday, 7 May 2012

First Feminine Nouns Long EE Final



More First Declension Feminine Nouns

A few posts back I mentioned that a final long a sound changed to a long e - η in Attic and Ionic.

This is why we have first declension nouns ending in both η and α.

Here's 20 η final nouns that follow the First Declension Pattern.

Άστραπή a flash of lightning

Βροντή A roar of and Thunder

Γραμματική a female teacher of basic literacy from Γράμματα letters

Δίκη Law Order Right Hence Justice

Ζώνη a belt or sash or girdle the origin of Zone.

εὐνή a sleeping place animal's lair, bird's nest or bed for humans
yet in plural εὐναί the anchor stones thrown off the prow of a ship into the sea.

Κεφαλή the head Now you know why an octopus can also be called a cephalopod.

Κολωνή a hill or mound

Μαχή War Battle This was borrowed into English via Latin and became – machia and -machy.

Μηχανή The origin of – MECH and also again via Latin of Machine.

Νίκη Victory

ὄγχνη the pear tree and its fruit

Πύλη a Gate Don't Confuse this with Φυλή Phyle a tribe group or clan.

Ῥώμη Power Strength Force Might Yes Rome or Roma the goddess and city.

Σκήνη A cover or shelter shade cloth or tent

Σωφροσύνη Moderation Discretion Prudence Chastity Commonsense Virtue

ὕλη Hule Forest Wood Hylo-

Τύχη Fortune

Ψυχή The soul